TTRA-Europe News

Upcoming TTRA 2010 European Chapter Conference

21-23 April, Budapest, Hungary

"Health, Wellness and Tourism - healthy tourists, healthy business?"

Abstract submission deadline - Friday October 30th, 2009.

To find out more, please click here or visit www.ttra-europeconference.com from July.

 

 

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International competition for anyone working in and for the Tourism

 

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Rob Davidson, a senior Lecturer in Business Travel & Tourism at the University of Westminster and lecturer on the Business Tourism - The M.I.C.E. Industry course at CERAM Business School, has been decorated for "outstanding services to tourism in Poland", by the Polish government.

At a ceremony held during an international business tourism exhibition (IMEX) held in Frankfurt earlier this month, he was given a medal by Katarzyna Sobierajska, the Under-Secretary of State in the Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland, in recognition of his exceptional efforts on behalf of that country’s travel and tourism industry. Congratulations Rob from all at the TTRA! Press Release.

 

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TTRA European Chapter Annual Conference entitled ‘Transport and Tourism: Challenges, Issues and Conflicts’ took place in Rotterdam from 22 – 24 April at the INHolland University (Day 1 & 3) and Breda (Day 2) - the NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences. Theme of the substantive program of the conference was enjoyable and worthwhile experience for all the attendees. The conference was attended by a wide range of delegates from both Private and Public sectors including Universities, Governments and Consultancies.

A ‘world – class’ line-up of speakers and delegates attended from as far as South Africa, USA, New Zealand, Indonesia and Finland. They included such renowned figures in the field as Carl Henrik Marcussen (Centre for Regional and Tourism Research), Professor Tim Coles (University of Exeter), Mady Keup (CERAM Business School) and Chris Thompson (Federation of Tour Operators). Despite challenging economic times, the conference still attracted a good level of attendance, with many up-and-coming scholars as James Johnson (University of Sunderland) among the conveners.

Conference was opened at 13.00 by Angelique Lombarts (INHolland University) who welcomed the guests and delegates.

Day 1

Areas discussed on Day 1 include the importance of transport and logistics in a service experience; sustainable destination development and marketing as well as ongoing challenges emerging issues worldwide. After introducing to programme and underpinning themes of the conference, Angelique passed over to the moderators Ian Henderson and Paul Peeters for the first two part morning sessions. Mady Keup inaugurated the proceedings with a brilliant wide ranging paper entitled “Impact of macro-environmental forces on airline business models.” This dealt with a case study of the influence of fuel pricing and fuel supply on airline business strategies.

After the break, Sessions B1 explored “Strategy making and marketing” chaired by Sheila Flanagan and session B2 “Transport and destination development” by Kaija Lidroth. The paper on Destinations’ image studies and branding strategies: how ski resorts in the French Alps successfully differentiate themselves were given by Sara Safari and Isabelle Frochot, who enhanced our understanding of the importance of choosing effective images/themes in building successful and powerful positioning strategies. These images/ themes (trees, skiing, relaxing, friends, and extreme sports) can be used to ascertain and clear defined positioning and communication that are relevant to the individual ski resort target market and destination personality.

This was followed by Carl Henrik Marcussen study, which illustrated the importance of distance trip, mode of transport, purpose and socio-demographic factors for destination choice by travellers residing in European Countries, for example, domestic travel within Europe and to destinations outside of Europe.

The evening function took place at the Information Centre of the former liner De Rotterdam (www.derotterdam.com), where speakers and delegates were informed about the reconstruction of the former Holland-America liner and its touristic developments.

Day 2

Day 2 of the Conference was held at the NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences where delegates certainly had a warm welcome from the organising committee and students.

Key areas of papers include: Perspective on tourism, transport, climate change and making the tourism experience more sustainable as well as to examine ways to improve tourism services and destination development and management.

The morning sessions of day two were opened by Hans Uijterwijk president NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences. The keynote was given by Jaap de Wit professor of transport economics University of Amsterdam, stated that to in order to stimulate route density airlines need to apply low ticket prices in order to lead increased frequency in flights “frequency is dominant variable in developing the airline industry”, consequently offering more choice to the consumer and increase in economies of scale. This can be achieved by introducing smaller aircrafts and regularity of flights. He adds: “it is better to increase frequency as soon as possible as this will determine the market share”.

 
After the lunch Chris Thompson, Responsible Tourism Co-ordinator for the FTO (www.fto.co.uk), highlighted the FTO pioneering role in bringing about change and improvement in areas affecting overseas holidays by championing environmentally sustainable tourism having launched various awards and projects, such as, Travelife (www.its4travel.com), Forum for the future (www.forumforthefuture.org) and Travel Foundation (www.thetravelfoundation.org). Over the last few years, Tour operators and Suppliers alike have shown an increased interest in improving quality and the sustainability of the tourism product. He commented: “Whilst climate change is the biggest global challenge it is not the only one. In seeking solutions we must consider the impacts on other global issues and strive a balance.” This was followed by D and E sessions. Hans-Dieter Ganter, Carlos Lamsfus, Jarmo Ritalahti and Isabelle Frochot moderated the afternoon sessions on Sustainable Development and Transport planning and destination management.

Alessandro Vaccina from the University of Palermo in Italy represented issues of the language barriers and tourism services in Sicily by researching customer opinions on hotel reviews and travel blogs online: www.tripadvisor.com, www.blogsearchengine.com,  http://blogsearch.google.com and www.blogdigger.com.

Sanja Vujicic and Mikael Wickelgren from the University of Gothenburg made a presentation about destination branding in relation to airports and the results that have emerged from the Valencia case study. This paper was important as it aimed to answer the following questions: Does branding enhance the competitive edge of an airport? and what is the airports role in destination branding? Furthermore, various stakeholder initiatives, successful collaboration among local bodies and airport special facilities created where highlighted during the presentation.

In the evening, conference delegates were treated to a sumptuous dinner. The attendees were complimentary of the food and service and the way in which the team were organised. One delegate commented: “I am very impressed with the professionalism of the staff, the wonderful facilities of the school and delicious food!”

In his address, Noel Sweeney has expressed some interesting views on the current economic climate:

This recession is different, it is affecting more middle and upper classes in previous recessions other strands of society were hit the hardest, now most people have been affected. 50 + market is thriving, they are travelling more and spending more, these are the people who are more unsure and uncertain of their future that’s where it is hitting. These were the people who were driving most of the growth for the last number of years. This is important demographic that we need to keep in mind.

Noel added, according to McKinsey Economic Conditions Snapshot report, published March this year states, one in every six are still undecided what are they going to do this year. About 60% of the population in Britain and Germany, the two largest source markets, are still undecided about taking a holiday this year. Consequently, people are adjusting their lifestyle, spending less, looking for bargains, in previous recessions most top brands were recession proof, however, this time round the only brands that are doing well are the ones at the bottom i.e. the mass market - Wal-Mart, Aldi, Asda.

Good businesses recognise and take action by cutting overheads and fixed costs, outsourcing. He stressed that: “The industry needs more insights, interpreting these trends and responsiveness and matching the market demands. McDonalds is a good example of this.” They are continuing the plan they have launched two years ago, upgrading and investing in their stores, changing the methodology of delivering the stock, bringing healthier food options, bringing brand new coffees. They are still continuing on their path and meeting the needs of the consumer of today. He said: “They are tactically responding to what is happening in the market today.”

More than ever before, businesses are now looking for scenario planning; they want to know what the scenarios are how they can react to those scenarios. What does this all mean? This means that we need more business research and more strategic guidance, he concluded: “This is an exciting time in the business of research and greater need now than ever before.”

Sheila Flanagan went on to speak warmly about Solveig Böhn and thank her for lifetime contribution to the TTRA as she considers this Conference to be her last one before her retirement next year. She was granted the right of attendance in honour of her lifelong services to the TTRA. Sheila described Solveig as “Mother of the TTRA Europe” as she almost single-handedly formed the European Chapter in 1996. Sheila added: “Solveig is more than just a mentor, she became a friend and that’s what the TTRA is all about – establishing live long friendships both International and within Europe (…) Solveig is very much the essence of the Association - valued colleague, fellow Board member and much more - she is a great friend!” 

Day 3

The first keynote was given by the Gert Staal, managing director and CEP 9292 (www.9292ov.nl)  Reisinformatiegroep gave a presentation detailing effective and innovative public/ tourist transport travel planner and real time travel information.

Morning session covered Tourism passenger transport, Pieter Piket from NHTV Breda University informed Delegates of the importance of indirect taxes and subsidies for international tourism passenger transport and conflicts with climate policies. Pieter added that Tourism passenger transport is a main source of green house emissions. Moreover, the private auto car was by far the highest taxed transport in comparison to the air transport. The paper formulates recommendations aimed at a true balance of taxes, excise duties and subsidies within the European Union.

James Seymour from Tourism KwaZulu gave a presentation highlighting the fact that one of the most important factors that influence tourism destinations competitiveness is air access followed by the quality of the airport facilities and frequency of flights. Two more presentations took place parallel to this.

After the morning coffee break, the final Panel discussions went on to set the research agenda for the transport and tourism interface and priorities and to discuss the key issues and concerns that has been identified throughout the Conference. The topics chosen resulted in highly engaging and thought provoking debates among panel and delegates. The programme showed that the broad ranges of topics were covered by speakers which resulted in a well balanced programme offering something for everyone. Comments from the Delegates include: “The Conference delivered a diverse, topical and challenging agenda” and “The conference was a great experience”.

Many thanks are due to both the organisers and teams at the INHolland and NHTV Breda Universities for jointly hosting this successful conference. We are grateful for their hard work and their dedication. I would also like to thank the student teams for the tremendous efforts and support to those who assisted during the conference period. Thanks to all those who contributed by speaking, presenting, attending and everybody else in making this Conference a great success!

The venue for the next Annual Conference was confirmed to be held in Budapest, Hungary. Frédéric Dimanche (vice-president TTRA European Chapter) extended an invitation to all delegates to attend. The Conference is scheduled for 21-23 April. The theme for the Conference is “Health, Wellness and Tourism – healthy tourists, healthy business?” The overall aim: To examine the relationships between health, wellness and tourism. Further information: László Puczkó (Conference Chair, lpuczko@xellum.hu).

We look forward to welcoming you to Budapest!

For further information, please contact

Maris Kuklis
Web & Communications Officer
TTRA European Chapter
ttraeurope@googlemail.com
www.ttra-europe.org 

  
 

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Speech Notes – Noel Sweeney, Managing Director, Tourism & Transport Consult International, Dublin and Past President of TTRA International

TTRA Europe Annual Conference 2009 – April 23

Rotterdam – Breda – The Netherlands

THE NEW NORMAL ......THE NEW REALITY

It is increasingly clear that the current downturn is fundamentally different from recessions of recent decades. We are experiencing not merely another turn of the business cycle, but a restructuring of the economic order.

The business landscape has changed fundamentally; tomorrow’s environment will be different, but no less rich in possibilities for those who are prepared.

For some organizations, near-term survival is the only agenda item. Others are peering through the fog of uncertainty, thinking about how to position themselves once the crisis has passed and things return to normal. The question is, “What will normal look like?” While no one can say how long the crisis will last, what we find on the other side will not look like the normal of recent years. The new normal will be shaped by a confluence of powerful forces—some arising directly from the financial crisis and some that were at work long before it began, mainly changes in demand, new customers, new behaviour patterns, etc.

McKinsey’s Economic Conditions Snapshot, March 2009 shows the percentage of the executives who say economic conditions have gotten worse at the national level hasn’t increased, but fewer than a third expect an upturn this year.

SOME IMPACTS OF THE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN ON OUR INDUSTY

Airlines

· The airline industry lost US$8.5 billion in 2008, pinched by high oil prices and the onset of the global credit and financial crisis.
· Most airlines have seen passenger numbers drop over the past 6 months – cut capacity and tried to fill more available seats.
· Airlines worldwide filled 21% fewer executive class seats in February than the same month a year ago as fewer people took long-haul business trips. IATA estimated that premium revenues fell about 30 percent in February as a result of the decline in high-end passenger traffic and aggressive fare reductions by airlines worldwide. This revenue stream is key for the profitability of most network airlines and so this reversal will be putting significant pressure on first quarter financial performance.
· AEA March : -9% (72% l/f)
· Ryanair: +5% (77% - 2pt.)
· easyJet & Air Berlin: -6%

Destination – Spain: Tourism 2nd largest industry = 11% of GDP

· The number of tourists visiting Spain dropped 15.9% in February compared to a year earlier, the sharpest fall since the global economic crisis began.

· During the first quarter of 2009 Spain’s airports reported an 18.2% decline in passenger numbers and a 15.2% reduction in commercial aircraft movements. Among the top eight mainland airports traffic has fallen by between 15% and 25% at each of the airports in each of the first three months of 2009

· Hotel occupancy for Easter down 10 percentage points – prices down by more than 10%

· While the sun and beach model isn't exhausted, but with low profitability, companies are increasingly less able to act and, in the long term, will suffer. Spain's tourism sector will face further consolidation as structural problems and sharp falls in numbers of new visitors hit earnings.

Hotels

All 3 key performance indicators are down: occupancy; average daily rate (ADR); and revenue per available room (RevPAR)

· German hotel market. (Feb 2009): ADR - 0.7%, occupancy -7.4% and RevPar -8.1%

· U.S. hotel industry posted double-digit declines in all three key performance measurements during the week 5-11 April 2009: Occupancy fell 12 percentage points to 52.6%; Average daily rate dropped 12.5% and RevPAR fell 28%

· UK occupancy & room yields already down in 2008 occup. down 2.5pts. to 74%

· Canadian hotel industry Occupancy down 20.8% (to 49.2%). ADR dropped 8.6% and RevPAR decreased 27.6%.

Business/Corporate Travel

· Marked downturn in business travel – markets & sectors
· Conference attendances down
· Incentive travel dried up

THE CHANGING CONSUMER

Demand has already been undergoing significant change in recent years

- Increasing number of shorter trips, Aging demographic; changing lifestyle; more value conscious; changing info and reservations channels – WEB; growing environmental & health consciousness; more experiences / activities; more adventurous, etc.

What will the recession do the demand patterns – how will consumer behaviour change?

Little knowledge – lots of suppositions –

- Stay closer to home / domestic vs international destinations

- Fewer shorter trips – spent less
Survey on attitudes of Europeans towards tourism (Gallop for EC Feb 09)

- 17% travelled last year but are still hesitating about a holiday in 2009 – their eventual decision will be critical for the European tourism industry. This segment amounted to a relatively high percentage (of all residents) in some of the largest Member States in terms of tourist “output”. The survey showed that 23% of Dutch and Italian, 21% of Spanish, 17% of French and 16% of German and British respondents belong to this “vulnerable” tourist category in terms of prospects.

- The focus of tourism seems to be shifting in a more domestic direction: in 2008, 43% of respondents took a holiday in their own country, this compares to 48% who will take a holiday in their resident country in 2009 (of those who already know their 2009 destination). Significantly fewer travellers have current plans to travel to other EU countries in 2009 compared to 2008 (24% and 31%, respectively). Non-EU destinations, however, gained some popularity, probably due to the increasingly favourable exchange rates for euro area travellers to many destinations (among those who plan a holiday and already know a destination 28% plan to visit a non-EU country, which is slightly more than the 26% in 2008).

TIME Magazine: “The New Frugality” cover story
- Spending less
- More bargain/value conscious – changing food & clothes shopping, dining,
entertainment, etc.
- 39% cancelled or postponed vacation
- 27% cancelled or postponed buying a car

IMPACTS OF BUSINESS – The supply side

The gap between the corporate ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ is widening dramatically in the Global Economic Crisis, according to recent research by The Boston Consulting Group.

The contrasting fortunes of ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in business are no accident. The chief executives running top companies have recognized the seriousness of the crisis and have been deploying some of the tactics more commonly used by companies undergoing turnaround transformations. The leaders of their weaker rivals, however, have taken an overly optimistic view of their prospects-and if some are finally starting to take action, it is too little, too late.

The global economic crisis-and the failure of many companies to tackle it in a fast and effective wayis giving companies already dominant in their industry the chance to stretch their lead over their competitors. Therefore we are likely to see more failures, more M&As - already evident in the airline sector, tour operator and hotels

Preparing for a new travel and tourism environment

As our industry faces the economic downturn companies need to reduce costs, launch a price-cutting offensive, promote new attractions more aggressively and intensify e-marketing and e-sales initiatives.

Those with good asset security can take advantage of low interest rates to borrow money and invest for the eventual upturn, including researching and identifying new markets to develop, improving the sustainability of their operations. Travel and tourism’s long-term future remains extremely promising, but the industry will be faced with a whole new operating environment when the recovery finally comes.

STRATEGIC PLANNING

Even in these tumultuous times, strategic planning doesn’t have to be an exercise in futility or frustration.

Strategic-planning couldn’t be more different than it has been in years past. Gone are the days of linear trend-extrapolation exercises that produce base, upside, and downside cases. Strategists, now facing the most profoundly uncertain times, are creating disaster scenarios that would have been unthinkable until recently and making the preservation of cash integral to their strategies.

These are uncharted waters, and no one has a clear map for sailing through them. It’s clear that scenario planning, a well-established technique for coping with uncertainty, should play a critical role this year, but executing successfully has never been as challenging as it is now. Most companies will have to consider more variables and involve more decision makers than they have in the past. Strategists will also need to place a greater emphasis on measurement—the only way to recognize when changing conditions merit quick strategic adjustments. Finally, the focus on new or surprising scenarios shouldn’t obscure relevant long-term trends or devalue important existing strategies.

One good example of keeping focus on longer term strategy while responding tactically to changed market environment is McDonald’s, which has profited in the downturn from its low-cost menu items and is enjoying its most robust same-store sales growth in years. Meanwhile, senior management has remained focused on longer-term strategies involving expensive store renovations, operational overhauls, high-end coffee products, and healthful menu options. Managers elsewhere can learn valuable lessons from the company’s efforts to benefit from the current circumstances while sticking to longer-term strategies and the underlying trends (such as healthier lifestyles) that they reflect.

In a highly uncertain environment, the advantages of scenario planning are clear: since no one base case can be regarded as probable, it’s necessary to develop plans on the assumption that several different futures are possible and to focus attention on the underlying drivers of uncertainty.

Despite the challenging times, this year’s strategic-planning process need not be an exercise in anxiety or futility. Developing scenarios in greater depth, monitoring strategies more rigorously, and remaining focused on the long term will all help strategists boost the odds of creating plans that can lead their companies through the turbulence.

This much is certain: when we finally enter into the post-crisis period, the business and economic context will not have returned to its pre-crisis state. Executives preparing their organizations to succeed in the new normal must focus on what has changed and what remains basically the same for their customers, companies, and industries. The result will be an environment that, while different from the past, is no less rich in possibilities for those who are prepared.

 

Frederic Dimanche, Ph.D.
Marketing Professor
Associate Dean of the Faculty
Director, Center for Tourism Management
CERAM Business School Nice - Sophia Antipolis

 

 

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At the board meeting in Budapest on 8 November 2008 Frédéric Dimanche from Ceram Business School in Sofia Antipolis, France, was elected Vice President of the European Board succeeding Arvid Flagestad from Norway. Congratulations Frédéric!!!

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The European Board will meet in Budapest on 7-8 November 2008.  The main item on the agenda is preparing for the conference in the Netherlands on 22-24 April 2009. For further details please see www.ttra-europeconference.com.

 

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Following the theme of the 2007 TTRA Europe conference in Nice, Frederic Dimanche organized on September 17 a round table as part of the European Management of Technology conference that took place at CERAM Business School in France (http://webintec.ceram.fr/euromot2008/). "Tourism and technology: The key to successful economic development" brought together Eddie Fillia, IT director for the Nice Office of Tourism; Jacques Gros, Director of IBM La Gaude in Sophia Antipolis, Philippe Stefanini, CEO of Team Cote d'Azur, and Lutz Vorneweg, Director Services & Consulting at Amadeus.

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Dr Aurkene Alzua Sorzabal (Ph.D) is the latest member of the TTRA Europe Board. She is Executive Director of the Centro de Investigación Cooperative en turismo nearby San Sebastian in Spain and replaces Arvid Flagestad of Norway whom we thank warmly for his contribution to the chapter over the past years. Welcome to the board Aurkene!

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TTRA Europe Board member Frederic Dimanche conducted on April 14 a seminar at ESG - UQAM in Montreal for various event professionals from Quebec. The theme of the seminar was "Trends in Event Management and Marketing". In particular, the greening of events, experiential marketing, and mobile technology applications were discussed.

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On Thursday February 28, TTRA Europe Board Member Rob Davidson spoke in Nice Sophia Antipolis at a conference organized by CERAM Business School's Center for Tourism Management on the following theme: "Environmental responsibility for business tourism organisations."  The other conference speaker, Dimitri de Andolenko, leads the Corporate Social Responsibility team for Société des Bains de Mer, the largest tourism company in Monaco (owner and operator of casinos, spas, hotels, restaurants).  For more information, consult www.ceramexpert.net or go straight to http://www.ceramexpert.net/tikiwiki/tiki-index.php?page=Cycle+Innovation+et+Connaissance+28+fev+08 

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We welcome László Puczkó to the Board of TTRA Europe

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Board meeting in Paris 9 February 2008 at 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. Welcome!

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Porvoo, Finland, 30 August 2007


Dear TTRA Europe Chapter Supporters

On 23-25 April we met in Nice for the annual European conference. It was a successful event that brought together 130 academics and practitioners from 20 European countries, USA, Canada, Australia, Asia and South Africa. Our thanks go to Frédéric Dimanche and his colleagues at CERAM Management School for hosting us in Nice.

During the conference also the European board convened. That meeting terminated Sheila Flanagan´s European Chapter presidency. Shortly after the meeting she was elected to the TTRA International board to strengthen the European views there. We are very happy for this, at the same time hoping that Sheila will find the time to liaise with the European board, too. I’d like to take this opportunity to thank Sheila for her persistent work for the chapter over the past years.

The present board has the following members: Frédéric Dimanche (France), Arvid Flagestad (Norway), Isabelle Frochot (France), Ian Henderson (UK), and Rob Davidson (UK). I took over as president in Nice and will continue until spring 2009. Most of the work in the chapter is done by board members but Solveig Böhn from Dalarna University continues to play an important role in the organisation as the secretariat is placed at this Swedish university.

Our future challenges are versatile. We need to increase our membership to begin with. At the moment most of the members come from the Nordic countries, Ireland and UK. It is our intention to work hard to expand in the Mediterranean countries, in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Balkans. Therefore we need to make the organisation better known in Europe and to highlight the benefits of joining it both among academic colleagues and practitioners. We also need to continue to enhance our co-operation with TTRA International as we feel that we bring a lot of added value to this global organisation.

The annual conferences bring us together to meet colleagues and to get updated on what is happening in the world of tourism research and how those results are being applied in the industry. The conferences have a fixed time in the spring to make it easy for members and other supporters to remember them when planning for the new academic year with a plethora of events. Next year’s conference will take place on 23-25 April in Helsinki, Finland, where preparations are well on the way. The theme of the conference is Competition in Tourism: Business and Destination perspectives. You are most welcome to contribute to the discussion on these topical issues.

In the meantime, I wish you all the best for the new academic year.

Kind regards
Kaija Lindroth
TTRA Europe President 2007-2009
www.ttra-europe.org, www.ttra.com, www.ttra2008.com
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TTRA / Tourism Society joint event

Dear member,

We are organising a joint conference with the UK Tourism Society on the
evening of 24 October in central London, at the MIC Conference Centre
(www.micentre.com). The title of the event is:

Trains, Planes & Automobiles
Transport in Britain: Driving Tourists Out?

The event will start at 17.30 with a viewing of the new St Pancras Eurostar
station, which is close to the venue. This will be followed by the
conference itself, at which a variety of speakers from rail, air and road
transport will discuss the impacts of transport infrastructures, present and
planned, on the flow of domestic and international tourists to the UK, as
well as within the UK itself.

Please support this event, if you can, by attending and taking advantage of
the opportunity of networking with our colleagues from the Tourism Society.
Overnight accommodation in individual bedrooms at the MIC is available to
delegates at a preferential rate. Please let me know if you would like to
use this offer.

Full details of speakers and topics will be available shortly. In the
meantime, please reserve this date in your diary. I hope to see a good
turnout from TTRA at this event.

Best wishes,

Rob Davidson
Senior Lecturer in Tourism
University of Westminster
London

Tel: (+44) (0)20 7911 5000 ext 3076
TTRA / Tourism Society joint event

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The 2007 election for the TTRA International board of directors is over.

Elected to the Board (At Large)

Sheila Flanagan

For more information See TTRA International

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Podcast

 

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